Real-Time Fluid Dynamics for Virtual Surgery
نویسنده
چکیده
This thesis report documents the work performed to investigate and implement a number of algorithms for real-time visualization of blood and smoke in the context of virtual surgery applications. More specifically, the effects that we want to implement are blood squirting in free space, blood drops running down a surface, blood dissolving in a fluid and smoke generated by a tissue burning instrument. The work started with a period of initial research to get a better overview of the subject and the possibilities available. This was followed by experiments and implementation of the most promising methods. An uncoupled particle system rendered as a set of spheres is used for the blood splash and drip effects. Blood trails are rendered directly onto the surface texture. The results are not very realistic visually or physically, but may still be usable to give the user visual cues about what is going on in the simulator. The simulation of blood dissolving in a fluid is based on a real-time approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations and is more physically correct. It allows quite realistic real-time interaction with a fluid in two dimensions. The smoke effect is implemented as a simple particle system and probably looks realistic enough to be usable. However, the simulation is not physically based and needs to be modified if interaction with the smoke is required. Sammanfattning Den här rapporten beskriver arbetet som utförts för att undersöka och implementera ett antal algoritmer för visualisering av blod och rök i realtid. Mer specifikt är effekterna vi vill åstadkomma blod som skvätter och droppar som rinner utmed en yta, blod som löser sig i en annan vätska och rök fr̊an ett värmeinstrument. Arbetet började med en period av efterforskning för att f̊a en bättre överblick av ämnet och tidigare arbeten. Detta åtföljdes av experiment och implementering av de mest lovande metoderna. Ett okopplat partikelsystem med partiklar renderade som sfärer används för skvätt och droppeffekterna. Blodsp̊ar renderas direkt till texturen p̊a den yta som blodet befinner sig. Resultaten är inte speciellt realistiska varken visuellt eller fysikaliskt, men skulle änd̊a kunna vara användbara för att ge visuella ledtr̊adar om vad som händer i den simulerade omgivningen. Simuleringen av blod i vätska är baserad p̊a en realtidsapproximation av Navier-Stokes och är mer fysikaliskt korrekt. Modellen till̊ater realtidsinteraktion med vätskan i tv̊a dimensioner. Rökeffekten är implementerad som ett enkelt partikelsystem och ser antagligen tillräckligt realistiskt ut för att vara användbar. Den är dock inte fysikaliskt baserad och behöver förbättras om realisktisk interaktion med röken krävs.
منابع مشابه
Lagrangian Fluid Dynamics using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Computational fluid dynamics is a hot topic in Computer Graphics. The capability to reproduce realistic fluids numerically has gained an increased interest the last decade. Grid-based methods have been favored the most to solve the mathematical equations for fluid flow, but often they lack the ability to create interactive fluid simulations together with detailed fluid surfaces. Interactive flu...
متن کاملFluid dynamic visualisations of cuttings-bleeding for virtual reality heart beating surgery simulation
Visualisations and computations of a real time fluid dynamic rendering have always been a fascinating research topic in the field of computer graphics. However most existing virtual realities surgery simulators tend to avoid the fluid dynamic model involvement in their system. This is due to the fact that real time fluid dynamic visualisation is computationally expensive. The calculation may sl...
متن کاملScientific Applications of Visualization, Virtual Reality and High Performance Visualisation Computers
• Computational steering: enabling interaction with simulations and to direct the solution of biomedical, chemical, and engineering time-critical problems. • Medical: investigate such complex systems as the human body with real-time, 3D computer images; visualising correlation between therapeutic targets and disease; surgical planning and simulation: virtual endoscopy; computer augmented surger...
متن کاملReal-time Dynamics Simulation of Unmanned Sea Surface Vehicle for Virtual Environments
The role of virtual environments (VE) is crucial in efficient design and operation of unmanned vehicles. VEs are extensively used in operator training for tele-operation, planning using programming by demonstration, and hardware and software design. VE for unmanned sea surface vehicles (USSV) requires a six degree of freedom dynamics simulation in the time domain. In order to be interactive, th...
متن کاملFluid Dynamic Simulation for Cutting in Virtual Environment
In this paper, we introduce a 3D fluid dynamics solver for real-time interactions in virtual environment. We approach the solution of differential equations based on the cubic interpolated propagation (CIP) technique on GPU. Since the CIP combine the solution for fluid equations and their interactions with the environment together, the Navier-Stokes equation can be solved efficiently. Furthermo...
متن کاملParallel-optimizing SPH fluid simulation for realistic VR environments
In virtual environments, real-time simulation and rendering of dynamic fluids have always been the pursuit for virtual reality research. In this paper, we present a real-time framework for realistic fluid simulation and rendering on graphics processing unit. Because of the high demand for interactive fluids with larger particle set, the computational need is becoming higher. The proposed framew...
متن کامل